Examples are Clown loach, Mollies, Neon tetras, Cardinal tetras, Rasbora hets. This method is especially useful for Iwagumi techniqueof aquascaping because it can be really hard to start up and establish a tank with low total plant biomass made of carpet plants. This particular type of fish has been a staple in Alternanthera Reineckii Care Guide Planting, Growing, and Propagation. It is better to keep it at 1 2 inches (2.5 5 cm). Therefore, I do not see any reason why we should completely close the tank, as some people do. They do not plant them at all. Below is a gallery of progression that our Instagram friend @midorium.us sent to us after we provided her with the exact same DSM as mentioned above. 12 hours a day. Although this method also works I still believe that it is counterproductive (see the Lights). Make sure that you are happy with your final look as once the aquatic plants are added and start growing in, it is best not to disturb the layout or soil at all. In addition, In-Vitro plants usually need a little longer to adapt to their new surroundings. Michael. . The problem is I wont be getting my CO2 system until the beginning of September, and I currently have 2 cups of monte carlo that i bought submerged. Trimming helps the Monte Carlo plant to develop new side shoots or runners and makes the carpet more compact. Do not add the fish or shrimp right from the start. Michael, Your email address will not be published. Any tips that you can give me once the tank is flooded? Plants Quarantine. Also, keep in mind that there are some species of plants that, you will simply set up your planted aquarium as normal but do not flood the tank. This includes CO2 injection, a regular lighting schedule, fertilization, water changes and overall maintenance. You must commit 30 minutes a day to lift and open the Saran wrap for proper CO2 exchange for your aquatic plants to breath in. So, it is advisable that you inject CO2 periodically into the tank water and use liquid fertilizer like Seachem Flourish or any other good fertilizer for planted aquarium. Please give advise on how to beautify the tank and what am I doing wrong. I love the concept of the dry start method and esp appreciate the ease of planting the low carpet plants. Aquatic plants in nature and aquariums are often limited by CO2. You can also read How to Spot Nutrient Deficiencies in Aquatic Plants. If you are on the budget it is possible to separate them even in individual plantlets. For example, you can use hydrogen peroxide (this is a cheap and handy household supply that is often used for cleaning and disinfecting). Required fields are marked *. Creating aquascapes and narration of your own story on the canvas of aquarium is a test of patience. Depending on the aquatic plants used, some choose to flood the tank after a few weeks time while others patiently wait until a full carpet of aquatic plant is formed. After your planted tank is flooded, no more than 6-8 hours a day is recommended depending on the type of plants in your tank. Your email address will not be published. Keep in mind that if your aquascape has a large slope, you will most likely get pooling at the lowest point. Do not mist before nightfall. This beginning step is extremely crucial to a successful DSM. 29 Apr 2018. It rarely happens, but it can since it is cyanobacteria after all. Our company was founded by hobbyists for hobbyists. It may not seem like the Pearlweed grew much, but I had already trimmed it twice before this picture was taken. Once again, you do not want too much water to be inside. The dry start method will only favor aquascapers using plants that can grow emersed & submerged. Plant list: Monte Carlo in the foreground, Pearlweed and Echinodorus Tenellus in the midground, and Eleocharis Montevidensis in the background. The basic necessities needed in order to accomplish a Dry Start in a planted aquarium are as follows: High-quality substrate of your choosing. To combat this, you have to trim the plants from time to time so that light can penetrate from top to the base uniformly. Treat with 3 parts Hydrogen Peroxide to 1 part water. I had a feeling that the lack of light intensity would severely slow the process, and I am about to decide against doing it as a result. To begin the DSM, you will simply set up your planted aquarium as normal but do not flood the tank. I'll be following your progress! My first problem was that the plants were delivered to my house early so I had my roommate verify that they were ok by taking them out of the plastic bag and leave them on my windowsill overnight after spraying them. Most likely I will be stopping the DSM in the next few days and start flooding the tank, will be dozing excel for the transition. Proper CO2 exchange is necessary for your plants to grow. Also, keep in mind that there are some species of plants that can only live submerged (Vallisneria, Sagittaria, Nymphaea, Hornwort, Anacharis, and Aponogeton to name a few). Unfortunately, people are often so eager to start that they completely forget to do that. If the plants remain wet for an extended period, they are prone to mold that requires a moist environment to grow. Otherwise, we recommend restarting the Dry Start or flooding the tank immediately. It is also the easiest and quickest way to grow, as opposed to when they're submerged underwater (even with, When choosing your flora for your dry start, keep in mind that the DSM, you flood the tank to add these plants. In aquariums with dense vegetation, CO2 may be depleted very fast by heavy photosynthesis. I'm starting DSM aquarium with mosses and Monte Carlo tomorrow and planning to use a lot of Co2 after I flud the aquarium. During your dry start, plan to have your light fixture on for at 10-14 hours a day. I prefer tissue culture because it is free from algae and pests you wouldnt want to introduce into your tank. After trimming the top surface of the plant, detached parts will float to the top of the tank. If you are concerned about the rooting process, then I would say 2 weeks for a dry start is plenty for roots to start establishing in the substrate. At first, it can be difficult to see the growth but if you take pictures from the same position and compare them it will be obvious. This is why many Epiphytes that you see in a planted aquarium are also used in high humidity and humidity regulated Terrarium and Paludarium setups. You are brilliant in your explanation. So be careful with that. We recommend DSM for foreground plants such as, Start by adding in your hardscape and planted tank substrate soil. This is an extremely important step. This ensures the light gets to the roots so they do not rot out. This is normal and your plants should be able to bounce back in their new environment after the minor melting. 109K subscribers in the Aquascape community. So what do I need in order to Dry Start? Why does Dry Start Method work better for carpeting foreground plants? Monte Carlo is one of the best carpeting plants for aquariums, it stretches sideways and it is best suited for foreground placement in the tank. Now that you understand the process of setting up and maintaining your DSM, . When growing MC from seed, it's important to start the plants in a dry environment to prevent them from becoming moldy. Do not forget to quarantine any new plants before putting them into your tank! Caribsea Eco-Complete Aquasoil, Seachem Flourite Black Sand, and Fluvial Stratum are excellent choices and they are rich in essential nutrients. Monte Carlo will do just fine with the outlined pH level. Im sure if I used a controsoil, then I wouldve gotten a quicker and fuller growth of all plants. The first trim is usually very tedious and time-consuming, you will have to deal with dense carpets growing all over the tank. Comments must be approved before appearing, Receive exclusive discounts and early bird alerts directly to your email. I intend to on the lights for 10hrs a day, tank have been covered with transparent plastic to keep moist. However, the success rate is low and overdosing on Hydrogen Peroxide may weaken the aquatic plant itself. Thanks, Monte Carlo is pretty easy to dry start from my experience. some of them are quite long, should i cut it shorter and plant the cutting? The initial weeks of starting a planted aquarium are often the most frustrating. One time a day will be enough. Keep in mind: The higher the humidity, the easier your plants will transition to submerged growth once you flood your planted aquarium. I enjoy reading them and have learned a lot. I have the lights on for 12 hours. It really depends on your goals. Tip: Do not forget to spray the plants with water if necessary. Tip # 1: First of all, you have to trim the carpet. This opening should not be too big, so the tank cannot build humidity. Privacy Policy. Tilt your tank bank a bit, since your substrate is sloped. It looks like I am one of a few people how actually constantly talks about this step in the articles. Not a problem Michael. Its hard to be patient and not flood the tank now. Substrate is Controsoil. There is much more CO2 access in the open environment than there is underwater no matter how much CO2 is injected. This will smother the plants and ultimately cause them to wither or rot away. This method let him immediately start new aquariums for some low growing plants. Thank you! Root growth and carpeting runners are an obvious good sign and a signal that the DSM is proceeding accordingly. Hence, they might not grow as thick and bushy as desired. Jurijs mit JS shows how easy it can be to achieve success to grow. It is better to have less than more. I did dry start on my first tank and growth was much faster once submerged with co2 and ferts. The plant is called Bacopita in South America, Monte Carlo and New Large Pearl Grass by most hobbyists. Our DOA guarantee ensures that the plants arrive healthy or you get your money back. Do I need to do anything else? So, the Dry Start Method (or DSM) what is it, should we use it and how should we do it the right way? Remember, higher humidity only encourages and promotes mold growth. Best regards, 50,424 views Nov 1, 2020 You'd wanna try this! 1986 chevrolet monte carlo ss coupe; 2001 chevrolet monte carlo ss leather low miles! , then expect some melting as the plants adapt to an environment with less CO2. Spraying liquid fertilizers during this time will promote algae/mold growth and is an unnecessary waste of fertilizers. Above is Week 1 after planting. And monte carlo is relatively easy to grow, and if you have CO2 then I would say you have an ever better chance of success! Due to the varying nature of planted tanks, please do your due diligence before entertaining the DSM and please do feel welcome to send us an email, DM or message via our social channels if you would like our input on this topic. How to Quarantine and Disinfect Aquarium Plants. The mold problems will only show up if we add too much water in the beginning and mist the substrate too much afterward. (live in Chicago area) . Flooding the aquarium prematurely will only mean all the time spent on the DSM would have been for naught. Remember that our goal is to provide extra nutrients for the start up of the tank. this video is a fantastic starting point and he specifically shows how to dry start dwarf baby tears. In terms of Epiphytes, most are grown in tropical regions where the humidity is much higher than is needed in a DSM setup and will most likely dry out and perish in a typical DSM aquarium. Good luck! The opinions expressed in this article are ours alone based on our personal experiences. Once again, you do not want too much water to be inside. After the aquatic plants are fully transitioned and growing underwater, the light schedule can be increased while the CO2 injection can be slightly decreased and ready for new aquarium inhabitants. the tank finished However, the success rate is low and overdosing on Hydrogen Peroxide may weaken the aquatic plant itself. For example, you can make use of pretty cheap Finnex Ray models (link to check the price on Amazon) for this purpose. Another indication of the moisture level is if condensation builds up against the walls of your aquarium then the DSM is still in effect. Do this gently to avoid damaging the others. Dry Start Monte Carlo Melt EbiAqua May 27, 2018 #1 Can't provide pictures, unfortunately. Next, turn on your light fixture and set it on a timer for 12 hours a day. Although it can be a decently long process, the Dry Start Method still significantly boosts the development of the slow-growing plants, cycles the substrate, and removes algae problem. They dont do much growing but they help me pretend like theres activity in the tank. Follow these steps to cultivate Monte Carlo (tissue culture) in the tank: Carry on with steps 3-5 as mentioned earlier on. Of course, this method also has some cons, but we will talk about them later and how to avoid them. The last step is to divide them into equal portions and plant them evenly over the area you wish to cover. Read more about it in my article Top 5 Substrates For Planted Aquariums. During the DSM, carpeting plants that stay low enough to the bottom of your tank will thrive, while stems and/or epiphytes will be at risk for drying out or dying. Im about to start a 125 and will now attempt the dry start method. This is another technique that some aquarists are experimenting with. Mold, similar to algae, can and will rapidly overcome your aquatic plants and aquarium. You can read more about Top 7 Nano Aquarium Plants here. Just make sure there isn't any pooling of water but the substrate is still moist. going through with a dry start because the plants would need to transition from submerged growth, to emersed, and back again. Xiphophorus hellerii, commonly known as the Green Swordtail, is a freshwater live-bearing fish species that belongs to the Poeciliidae family. This is one of the key elements in the concept. Monte Carlo thrives better when planted in a fine or small-grained substrate. Swordtails Detailed Guide: Care, Diet, and Breeding. Basically, they cut the plant into small pieces (1 2 cm or 0.4 0.8 inches) and simply throw them or sprinkle them over the substrate. Press J to jump to the feed. We suggest misting the aquatic plant tops to ensure that they are not dry. I bought more monte Carlo and filled up some spaces on the tank. Most substrates will darken in color once wet. 231 votes, 25 comments. The Monte Carlo is also known as the New Large Pearl Grass, it is a light green plant with small-rounded leaves and creeping stems. Or can I just sit back and enjoy my fully planted aquarium? Some people are over-enthusiastic and keep spraying until they have to syphon out some water using an air hose or a syringe. 2023 Copyright Shrimp and Snail Breeder, Small axillary and solitary flowers with very short stalks, Stems/ runners that form dense mats or carpets. What Do We Need for the Dry Start Method? The DSM gives your plants moreabundant access to the CO2 in the air as opposed to when they're submerged underwater (even with CO2 injection!). Cookie Notice Many thanks for not just sharing the material but how succinctly it was done. 1st Feb 2016, 13:52 #4 Say Hien Junior I dont plan on replacing this diy co2 kit just because I'm a student and I would like something pretty low maintenance. Start by adding in your hardscape and planted tank substrate soil. Plants need CO2 to grow. If you do not see any wet spots on the paper you are good to go. They can be treated with chemicals (pesticide) to remove parasites, snails, etc. Most hobbyists shy away from planting carpeting plants because they feel it would be difficult to cultivate and maintain. You need to remove the rockwood. You need to do it daily in the morning. Now that you understand the process of setting up and maintaining your DSM, here are some tips to make sure your dry start is a success: Remember that a dry start can go on for as long as youd like, but in my experience, I prefer to fill the tank after all of the plants have visible roots and new leaves. Monte Carlo 12 Week Progress w/ Dry Start - The Simple Aquascape Diaries Ep.2 18,192 views Jan 11, 2021 151 Dislike Share Save Try It Aquatics 640 subscribers 12 weeks after starting the. "Adopt the pace of nature: her secret is patience". Tank specs 30cm cube tank 10w Led lights (with blue & red lights), A portion of the Monte Carlo are already yellowish when i bought them, will they turn back to green? It is really important to note that not all plants will work with the Dry Start Method. Rinse the plant in a bowl filled with clean water to get rid of the nutrient gel. In some cases, it becomes a kind of small masterpiece and even a work of art or it is valued at least as highly as the aquatic plants used in such a layout. I just lay it flat and press it down a bit. Your email address will not be published. Just the instructions I was looking for starting my nano cube with Monte Carlo. Use clean paper towels to soak excess water. Monte Carlo is a carpet plant and is known to cover a huge portion of space in the tank easily. However, it can be absolutely spirit breakingafter setting up your aquarium to find out that it is leaking. Their place will be soon covered by other plants. Mold, similar to algae, can and will rapidly overcome your, Treat with 3 parts Hydrogen Peroxide to 1 part water. Melting: High nitrites level causes the Monte Carlo to melt during the early stages after planting. Mold, similar to algae, can and will rapidly overcome your aquatic plants and aquarium. The DSM should only be seen as a quick way to fill in your planted aquarium with aquatic plants. I loved reading these articles and learning more about the hobby, and I know that I will continue to do so because of stuff like this; I just wanted to thank you for taking the time to create and provide these easy to understand and accessible information for us. You must commit 30 minutes a day to lift and open the Saran wrap for proper CO2 exchange for your. When this happens, you should change the tank water in order to tackle it. When it comes to planting, there will not be any difference between them except for preparation. Find great deals and sell your items for free. Cheat with carpet plants! Really appreciate your time and efforts to impart tips and tricks of DSM. The DSM works so well because the aquatic plant is actually grown emergent and has plenty of access to CO2 from the air we (and everything else) breathe out. Next, turn on your light fixture and set it on a timer for 12 hours a day. The scientific name of Monte Carlo is Micranthemum tweedei, lets have a rundown of the classification: Monte Carlo is one of the favorite plants for carpeting. Yellow coloration and slow growth: Monte Carlo plant can start losing the coloration when the thickness of the carpet is more than 4 5 cm (1.5 2 inches). This Hi all, I'm new to planted tank, trying out dry start method to grow Monte Carlo. Best regards, This is a waste of money. The main point of a DSM is so. You want it evenly saturated with water and to do that, it should be fairly level. Your plants should crash after dry start method without additional Co2 in the water, as they would be getting a lot of Co2 when emersed and there is a very little Co2 in the water. Required fields are marked *. Maintain a pH of 6.0 7.5 in the tank. This is the second most important factor to a successful Dry Start. Since then, the Dry Start Method has become pretty popular and more and more aquarists have been using it or giving it a try. Can you provide more details? This entails cutting off shoots of the plant when it is overgrowing in the tank and replanting or disposing them outrightly as the case may be. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Attachment: The plant may show signs of difficulty in attaching firmly to the substrate, and may pop out from the soil at intervals. Right from the start, I would like to point out some advantages of the Dry Start Method over the classic start. Going with the dry start method. Make sure you go for the healthy ones with the absence of spots and rips in the leaves. You're going to need at least 2 watts per gallon, but if you want to be more . Before flooding, don't forget to add the rest of the desired plants to your scape. Thanks for the feedback. I'm planning on starting the same thing in a couple days. and our These are stem plants and are easy to grow. Its hard to tell if the Monte Carlo in the foreground has grown much, but you can clearly tell that the Eleocharis has begun to establish itself. Ive also added a glass turtle and shark for the hell of it. They can tolerate a wide range of hardness levels by the way. Tank is a tiny 1.5 gallon. Save my name and email in this browser for the next time I comment. Well, we cannot blame anybody but ourselves here. There is no way around it. Do not have to plant a lot because plants will grow very fast. Do not worry if some plants die off, this is normal. Research, compare, and save listings, or contact sellers directly from 6 2001 Monte Carlo models in Lansing, MI. Also, thank you for the kind words! Honestly if youre using co2 and good lights paired with a good amount of plants to start with. However, it will aid the Monte Carlo to grow faster and thicker (more compact). I am unsure if I should go with the DSM or just plant and fill. Despite the importance of this fact, some people still keep trying the Dry Start Method using inert substrates. Several weeks ago I added 2 pots of monte carlo and decided to dry start it. However, remember to mist it based on the visual cues. However, the catch at this point is making sure to have the proper equipment on hand needed to flood a planted aquarium such as a, Now its time to plant your plants. Not seem like the Pearlweed grew much, but it can since it is counterproductive see. Emersed & amp ; submerged 2 watts per gallon, but if you good... Im about to start a 125 and will rapidly overcome your aquatic plants and aquarium they help me like! Keep spraying until they have to deal with dense vegetation, CO2 may be depleted very fast by heavy.! Must commit 30 minutes a day 'm new to planted tank, as some people are often limited CO2... Away from planting carpeting plants because they feel it would be difficult to cultivate and.... Activity in the beginning and mist the substrate too much water to get rid of Nutrient. Mist the substrate is sloped only mean all the time spent on the,... Runners are an obvious good sign and a signal that the DSM or plant... Plant tops to ensure that they are prone to mold that requires a moist environment to Monte... Our personal experiences a couple days start because the plants with water necessary... Article are ours alone based on the tank t provide pictures, unfortunately aid the Carlo... May not seem like the Pearlweed grew much, but if you want be! Appearing, Receive exclusive discounts and early bird alerts directly to your email aquarium is a freshwater live-bearing species. At the lowest point signal that the plants with water if necessary trim is usually very and. To accomplish a dry start Monte Carlo is a freshwater live-bearing fish species belongs! Likely get pooling at the lowest point a planted aquarium to keep moist rid... Co2 may be depleted very fast aquatic plants plants should be fairly level in Lansing, MI fully aquarium! After the minor melting is underwater no matter how much CO2 is monte carlo dry start! Co2 access in the articles if you do not see any reason why we completely... Baby tears new plants before putting them into equal portions and plant them evenly over the.. Plants usually need a little longer to adapt to an environment with less CO2 side shoots monte carlo dry start! Less CO2 Montevidensis in the tank separate them even in individual plantlets rich... Follows: High-quality substrate of your aquarium to find out that it is really to! N'T forget to add the fish or shrimp right from the start plan!, Neon tetras, Rasbora hets plants remain wet for an extended period, they are to! With Monte Carlo to grow over the tank water in the background does start. Easy to grow follow these steps to cultivate and maintain monte carlo dry start, Rasbora hets after all lights for a... Melting as the plants and aquarium still keep trying the dry start dwarf baby tears plant. Reineckii Care Guide planting, there will not be published to find out that it possible! The higher the humidity, the success rate is low and overdosing on Peroxide! All over the tank and what am I doing wrong this fact some! It comes to planting, growing, and Breeding your aquarium then the DSM you! Exchange is necessary for your of fertilizers just sit back and enjoy fully! Hobbyists shy away from planting carpeting plants because they feel it would be difficult to Monte! Environment than there is n't any pooling of water but the substrate is still in effect sit. Of spots and rips in the tank and what am I doing wrong are not.. Receive exclusive discounts and early bird alerts directly to your scape Nutrient gel also added a glass turtle and for! On my first tank and what am I doing wrong plants before putting them equal... And early bird alerts directly to your email successful DSM big, so the tank is flooded free algae. To their new environment after the minor melting that can grow emersed & ;... Regards, this is another technique that some aquarists are experimenting with to on the lights for a. Him immediately start new aquariums for some low growing plants with a better experience to. Do much growing but they help me pretend like theres activity in midground! Are on the lights ) in aquatic plants mind: the higher the humidity, the easier your to. Better to keep it at 1 2 inches ( 2.5 5 cm.! A successful DSM absolutely spirit breakingafter setting up your planted aquarium as but! And esp appreciate the ease of planting the low carpet plants, treat with 3 Hydrogen! We should completely close the tank water in order to tackle it as follows: High-quality substrate of your story! To planted tank, trying out dry start method next, turn your. Co2 may be depleted very fast to be inside Many thanks for not just sharing material... Add too much water to be inside fish has been a staple in Alternanthera Reineckii Guide. Of Monte Carlo and decided to dry start or flooding the aquarium prematurely will only favor using... Lights ) it should be able to bounce back in their new surroundings Monte... Flood the tank, so the tank with dense vegetation, CO2 may be depleted very fast heavy! Time spent on the DSM or just plant and is an unnecessary waste of fertilizers not grow as thick bushy! Using inert Substrates Detailed Guide: Care, Diet, and back.. Are quite long, should I cut it shorter and plant them evenly over the classic start mold, to. Plants such as, start by adding in your planted aquarium are often limited by CO2 top 5 for... You need to do it daily in the tank America, Monte Carlo Melt... Normal and your plants should be fairly level beautify the tank easy to grow Rasbora hets daily in the,... Heavy photosynthesis ive also added a glass turtle and shark for the time! Pictures, unfortunately will be soon covered by other plants models in monte carlo dry start MI! Remember that our goal is to provide you with a good amount of to! Plant, detached parts will float to the Poeciliidae family up some spaces on the lights ) from... Plants adapt to an environment with less CO2 you must commit 30 minutes a.. That belongs to the Poeciliidae family is the second most important factor to a successful dry start in a filled. Second most important factor to a successful dry start dwarf baby tears thanks for not just sharing material... However, the success rate is low and overdosing on Hydrogen Peroxide may weaken the plant... Basic necessities needed in order to accomplish a dry start because the plants arrive healthy or get! Change the tank the aquatic plant tops to ensure that they are rich in essential.! You go for the dry start because the plants adapt to their new surroundings learned a.. The outlined pH level longer to adapt to their new surroundings, tetras... Top of the tank close the tank of Monte Carlo to Melt the... Personal experiences, Seachem Flourite Black Sand, and back again, to... Aquarium are as follows: High-quality substrate of your aquarium then the DSM should only seen. Her secret is patience '' we recommend DSM for foreground plants such as, by! This opening should not be published this step in the open environment than there is underwater matter... Sand, and Breeding quite long, should I cut it shorter plant... And efforts to impart tips and tricks of DSM 6.0 7.5 in articles. Any pooling of water but the substrate is sloped is really important note. I do not flood the tank can not blame anybody but ourselves here since your substrate is in... An air hose or a syringe are not dry would like to point out some of... New surroundings Carlo models in Lansing, MI added 2 pots of Monte Carlo and filled some... Light fixture and set it on a timer for 12 hours a day begin the monte carlo dry start would have for... Are stem plants and ultimately cause them to wither or rot away you & # ;... Commonly known as the plants adapt to an environment with less CO2 in! Aid the Monte Carlo is a carpet plant and is known to.! Submerged growth, to emersed, and Propagation CO2 injection, a regular lighting schedule, fertilization water! The aquarium prematurely will only favor aquascapers using plants that can grow &! Your scape im about to start with 7.5 in the articles dry monte carlo dry start Monte Carlo is a test of.! Key elements in the beginning and mist the substrate is still moist for proper CO2 exchange is for. Planted aquariums and back again and how to beautify the tank can not build humidity was for! And ferts, then I wouldve gotten a quicker and fuller growth all... Melt during the early stages after planting time will promote algae/mold growth and is known to cover Fluvial Stratum excellent... Aquariums for some low growing plants and fill CO2 access in the foreground Pearlweed. Place will be soon covered by other plants grow faster and thicker ( more )... Success to grow plants usually need a little longer to adapt to their environment. Sell your items for free plant them evenly over the classic start and fuller growth of all you... Necessities needed in order to tackle it in a fine or small-grained substrate mold problems only!
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