His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. [159], Speer had carefully constructed an image of himself as an apolitical technocrat who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . [19] This work won Speer his first national post, as Nazi Party "Commissioner for the Artistic and Technical Presentation of Party Rallies and Demonstrations". Prisoners worked for Junkers, Messerschmitt, Henschel and BMW, among others. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. Thanks! While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. [70], Speer realized that with six million workers drafted into the armed forces, there was a labor shortage in the war economy, and not enough workers for his factories. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. Founded in 1999. [79] This belief proved incorrect, and Speer and Merker's attempt to build the Kriegsmarine's new generation of submarines, the Type XXI and Type XXIII, as prefabricated sections at different facilities rather than at single dockyards contributed to the failure of this strategically important program. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. - London, Anglia, 1981. szeptember 1.) A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. never got along so good before or after. He lost yet more authority. Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. [155] Speer even invented his own birth's circumstances, stating falsely that he was born at midday amid crashes of thunder and bells of the nearby Christ Church, whereas it was between three and five o'clock, and the church was built only some years after. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and Speer's Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and Speer was a participant. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. [143] David Irving discovered discrepancies between the deceptively edited Chronicle and independent documents. Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [129] To make his daily walks around the garden more engaging Speer embarked on an imaginary trip around the globe. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. [86] On 1 August 1944, Speer merged the Fighter Staff into a newly formed Armament Staff committee. At that time, he asked the Milch at the Luftwaffe to find Ernst and retrieve him. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. [174] Heinrich Breloer, discussing the construction of Auschwitz, said Speer was not just a cog in the workhe was the "terror itself". [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. Two senior servants of the Third Reich, Albert Speer, Hitler's Armaments Minister, and Baldur von Schirach, former leader of the Hitler Youth and Gauleiter of Vienna, were released at midnight. Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. [157] In return they were paid handsomely in royalties and other financial inducements. like so many other Germans his [158] Speer, Siedler and Fest had constructed a masterpiece; the image of the "good Nazi" remained in place for decades, despite historical evidence indicating that it was false. by. Showing 28 distinct works. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". However Speer secured Hitler's support, and on 1 March 1942, Gring signed a decree naming Speer "General Plenipotentiary for Armament Tasks" in the Four Year Plan. Those who feigned illness, slacked off, sabotaged production or tried to escape were denied food or sent to concentration camps. He had become one of the most powerful people in Nazi Germany. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. [106][c], By April, little was left of the armaments industry, and Speer had few official duties. shelved 32,158 times. Inside the Third Reich begins with an account of Speer's childhood, followed by a description of his role as Heinrich Tessenow's assistant at the Technical University of Berlin. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. Described by associates as ice cold. [29] Speer insisted that as many events as possible be held at night, both to give greater prominence to his lighting effects and to hide the overweight Nazis. In the summer of 1942 Paulus advanced toward Stalingrad with 250,000 men, 500 tanks, 7,000 guns and mortars, and 25,000 horses. ", The main body of the book effectively ends when Speer, by this point having joined Karl Dnitz's government seated in Schleswig-Holstein, receives news of Hitler's death. Reporters and photographers crowded both the street outside Spandau and the lobby of the Hotel Berlin where Speer spent the night. Albert Speer, Germany Architect. - London, 1. rujna 1981.) Speer, Albert, born 19-03-1905 in Mannheim, Baden Wrttemberg, as second of three brothers, Hermann born 1902 and Ernst born 1906, of Albert Friedrich Speer and Louise Mathilde Wilhelmine Speer (born Hommel). By Dorothy . Inside the Third Reich. [16][b] The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assistant and moved to Mannheim, hoping to make a living as an architect. I thought he was to be relieved quite early from the Kessel, from influence of Albert Speer. Albert Speer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", Francisco Boix identifies Speer at Nuremberg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Speer&oldid=1139875005, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56. [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . "It is not charity; I don't like that . [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. [1]:506,699701. Speer joined the National Socialist Party in January 1931; he wrote "I was not choosing the NSDAP, but becoming a follower of Hitler, whose magnetic force had reached out to me the first time I saw him and had not, thereafter, released me." Die Zelle. I recommend this book without reservations. [59] Speer proved to be ambitious, unrelenting and ruthless. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. They're private residences. [182], During the war, the Speer-designed Reich Chancellery was largely destroyed by air raids and in the Battle of Berlin. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer ( Mannheim, 19. oujka 1905. Speer returned to London in 1981 to participate in the BBC Newsnight programme. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. [2] In 1918, the family leased their Mannheim residence and moved to a home they had in Heidelberg. [25] After the war, he claimed to have had little interest in politics at all and had joined almost by chance. sort by. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. [120], On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. As "the Nazi who said sorry", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials . [50] In his final statement at Nuremberg, Speer gave the impression of apologizing, although he did not directly admit any personal guilt and the only victim he mentioned was the German people. Speer created an elaborate garden complete with lawns, flower beds, shrubbery, and fruit trees. There was no communication. [64] Another factor that produced the boom in ammunition was the policy of allocating more coal to the steel industry. The houses still look very much the same. William. [170] Historian Martin Kitchen states that Speer was actually "fully aware of what had happened to the Jews" and was "intimately involved in the 'Final Solution'". Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. [166] Another myth centered around a faked plan to assassinate Hitler with poisonous gas. FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. Speer was able to have his writings sent to Wolters, however, and they eventually amounted to 20,000 pages. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. When you take it you'll get to an open field where you can see the Speer houses. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. It began in 1932 but had not supplied any weaponry. Feigned repentance at Nuremberg, saving his own neck. Albert Speer was a German architect who is known in the history as 'the man who built Nazi Germany' and also 'the Nazi who said sorry' for accepting moral responsibility of the atrocities his Nazi party committed. See answer (1) Copy. [21] As Chancellor, Hitler had a residence in the building and came by every day to be briefed by Speer and the building supervisor on the progress of the renovations. [183], This article is about the Nazi minister. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. [52] Speer's building work made him among the wealthiest of the Nazi elite. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. The public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich and a major war criminal became a popular figure almost overnight. For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany on March 19, 1905, to Luise and Albert. Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. [28], One of Speer's first commissions after Troost's death was the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. He later published a work about Himmler and the SS which has been published in English as The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler's Masterplan for SS Supremacy or Infiltration: How Heinrich Himmler Schemed to Build an SS Industrial Empire (in German, Der Sklavenstaat - Meine Auseinandersetzung mit der SS). Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. Albert Speer's account of all his experiences during the war was to me, totally fascinating. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. [97] However, he concluded that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the important Silesian industrial region later that month. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . First Architect of the Third Reich. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. First published in 1969, it appeared in English translation in 1970. As an example, he wanted to be given power over all armaments issues under Hermann Gring's Four Year Plan. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". (Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. [173] In 2005, The Daily Telegraph reported that documents had surfaced indicating that Speer had approved the allocation of materials for the expansion of Auschwitz concentration camp after two of his assistants inspected the facility on a day when almost a thousand Jews were massacred. Before that, Speer worked as the chief architect in Hitler's Nazi . "[3], On the other hand, in a 1973 Bryn Mawr College review, Barbara Miller Lane wrote, "Scholars have observed so many gaps in his account of the operation of his ministry as to shed considerable doubt on the whole. [153] He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "bad Nazis". [9] In 1925, he transferred again, this time to the Technical University of Berlin where he studied under Heinrich Tessenow, whom Speer greatly admired. [113] Speer was indicted on four counts: participating in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. Apologies '' were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany ( 1905-1981 ) was a trained architect the 60,000 people ended... Existing Berlin railroad termini were to be given power over all armaments under! 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